Technology Enhancement
At a station with Research service, compatible Studied Science can permanently specialize one authored existing property on physical equipment or a physical hull present at that station.
Science pushes a property the design or hull already exposes.
The Research Lab only offers authored enhanceable properties whose affinity is compatible with the Studied Science you actually have stored there. Equipment can improve supported equipment characteristics; hulls can improve supported hull stats, capability bonuses, or authored doctrine properties. Science cannot add a new fitting slot, change physical envelope, or invent unrelated capability.
Affinity decides what it can improve; source identity helps decide how strongly.
Studied Science keeps its research family, affinity, source band, and rarity. Compatible affinity determines which properties can be offered, while source band and rarity contribute to enhancement strength. A rare result from a mild source and an ordinary result from a much more potent source are therefore different kinds of valuable evidence.
You enhance the actual object, not its schematic.
Equipment must be stored at the Research station. A commissioned hull must be docked there, idle, and out of combat; a packaged hull stored there can also be enhanced. The application consumes one Studied Science resource plus the quoted credits and awards Research progression when applied.
Science does not replace craftsmanship, treatment, or condition.
Those remain separate physical layers. The current Info view can show the pre-Science value, Science modifier, realized result, research source identity, and when and where the enhancement was applied.